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Hanoi

vtk-examples/Python/Visualization/Hanoi

Description

This is three-dimensional implementation of the Towers of Hanoi.

Here we visualize the operation of the recursive Towers of Hanoi puzzle. In this puzzle there are three pegs. In the initial position there are one or more disks(or pucks) of varying diameter on the pegs. The disks are sorted according to disk diameter, so that the largest disk is on the bottom, followed by the next largest, and so on. The goal of the puzzle is to move the disks from one peg to another, moving the disks one at a time, and never placing a larger disk on top of a smaller disk.

Here we first set up the scene with the table, pegs and pucks. Then we use a function called Hanoi() to begin the recursion. A second function MovePuck() moves the puck from one peg to another.

To give a pleasing visual effect we move the disk in small, user-specified increments, flipping the disc over as it moves from one peg to the next. Option -s controls the user-defined increments. The option -c 2 freezes a disk in mid air moving from one peg to another.

Other languages

See (Cxx)

Question

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Code

Hanoi.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

#  Translated from Hanoi.cxx.

# noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
import vtkmodules.vtkInteractionStyle
# noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
import vtkmodules.vtkRenderingOpenGL2
from vtkmodules.vtkCommonColor import vtkNamedColors
from vtkmodules.vtkCommonCore import vtkMinimalStandardRandomSequence
from vtkmodules.vtkFiltersSources import (
    vtkCylinderSource,
    vtkPlaneSource
)
from vtkmodules.vtkIOImage import (
    vtkBMPWriter,
    vtkJPEGWriter,
    vtkPNGWriter,
    vtkPNMWriter,
    vtkPostScriptWriter,
    vtkTIFFWriter
)
from vtkmodules.vtkRenderingCore import (
    vtkActor,
    vtkCamera,
    vtkPolyDataMapper,
    vtkRenderWindow,
    vtkRenderWindowInteractor,
    vtkRenderer,
    vtkWindowToImageFilter
)


class GV(object):
    """
    Used to store global variables.
    """

    def __init__(self, numberOfPucks=5, numberOfSteps=5, puckResolution=48, configuration=0):
        self.numberOfPucks = numberOfPucks
        self.numberOfSteps = numberOfSteps
        self.puckResolution = puckResolution
        self.configuration = configuration
        self.gotFigure2 = False  # Used to bail out of recursion if configuration == 2.
        self.L = 1.0  # Puck height.
        self.H = 1.1 * self.numberOfPucks * self.L  # Peg height.
        self.R = 0.5  # Peg radius.
        self.rMin = 4.0 * self.R  # The minimum allowable radius of disks.
        self.rMax = 12.0 * self.R  # The maximum allowable radius of disks
        self.D = 1.1 * 1.25 * self.rMax  # The distance between the pegs.
        self.numberOfMoves = 0

    def update(self, numberOfPucks, numberOfSteps, puckResolution, configuration):
        self.numberOfPucks = numberOfPucks
        self.numberOfSteps = numberOfSteps
        self.puckResolution = puckResolution
        self.configuration = configuration
        self.H = 1.1 * self.numberOfPucks * self.L  # Peg height.


# Globals
gv = GV()
renWin = vtkRenderWindow()
"""
   For pegStack we use a list of lists where the sublists correspond to the
      source, target and helper pegs.
   Python lists can be used as a stack since they have append() (corresponding
      to push()) and pop().
"""
pegStack = [[], [], []]


def hanoi():
    colors = vtkNamedColors()

    # Create the renderer and render window interactor.
    ren = vtkRenderer()
    renWin.AddRenderer(ren)
    renWin.SetSize(1200, 750)
    iren = vtkRenderWindowInteractor()
    iren.SetRenderWindow(renWin)

    ren.SetBackground(colors.GetColor3d('PapayaWhip'))

    camera = vtkCamera()
    camera.SetPosition(41.0433, 27.9637, 30.442)
    camera.SetFocalPoint(11.5603, -1.51931, 0.95899)
    camera.SetClippingRange(18.9599, 91.6042)
    camera.SetViewUp(0, 1, 0)

    ren.SetActiveCamera(camera)

    # Create geometry: table, pegs, and pucks.
    pegGeometry = vtkCylinderSource()
    pegGeometry.SetResolution(8)
    pegMapper = vtkPolyDataMapper()
    pegMapper.SetInputConnection(pegGeometry.GetOutputPort())

    puckGeometry = vtkCylinderSource()
    puckGeometry.SetResolution(gv.puckResolution)
    puckMapper = vtkPolyDataMapper()
    puckMapper.SetInputConnection(puckGeometry.GetOutputPort())

    tableGeometry = vtkPlaneSource()
    tableGeometry.SetResolution(10, 10)
    tableMapper = vtkPolyDataMapper()
    tableMapper.SetInputConnection(tableGeometry.GetOutputPort())

    # Create the actors: table top, pegs, and pucks
    # The table
    table = vtkActor()
    ren.AddActor(table)
    table.SetMapper(tableMapper)
    # table.GetProperty().SetColor(0.9569, 0.6431, 0.3765)
    table.GetProperty().SetColor(colors.GetColor3d('SaddleBrown'))
    table.AddPosition(gv.D, 0, 0)
    table.SetScale(4 * gv.D, 2 * gv.D, 3 * gv.D)
    table.RotateX(90)

    # The pegs (using cylinder geometry).  Note that the pegs have to translated
    # in the  y-direction because the cylinder is centered about the origin.
    gv.H = 1.1 * gv.numberOfPucks * gv.L
    peg = list()
    for i in range(0, 3):
        peg.append(vtkActor())
        ren.AddActor(peg[i])
        peg[i].SetMapper(pegMapper)
        # peg[i].GetProperty().SetColor(1, 1, 1)
        peg[i].GetProperty().SetColor(colors.GetColor3d('Lavender'))
        peg[i].AddPosition(i * gv.D, gv.H / 2, 0)
        peg[i].SetScale(1, gv.H, 1)

    # The pucks (using cylinder geometry). Always loaded on peg# 0.
    puck = list()
    randomSequence = vtkMinimalStandardRandomSequence()
    randomSequence.SetSeed(1)
    for i in range(0, gv.numberOfPucks):
        puck.append(vtkActor())
        puck[i].SetMapper(puckMapper)
        color = [0, 0, 0]
        for j in range(0, 3):
            color[j] = randomSequence.GetValue()
            randomSequence.Next()
        puck[i].GetProperty().SetColor(*color)
        puck[i].AddPosition(0, i * gv.L + gv.L / 2, 0)
        scale = gv.rMax - i * (gv.rMax - gv.rMin) / (gv.numberOfPucks - 1)
        puck[i].SetScale(scale, 1, scale)
        ren.AddActor(puck[i])
        pegStack[0].append(puck[i])

    # Reset the camera to view all actors.
    renWin.Render()
    renWin.SetWindowName('Hanoi')

    if gv.configuration == 3:
        WriteImage('hanoi0.png', renWin, rgba=False)

    if gv.configuration != 1:
        # Begin recursion.
        Hanoi(gv.numberOfPucks - 1, 0, 2, 1)
        Hanoi(1, 0, 1, 2)
        if not gv.gotFigure2:
            Hanoi(gv.numberOfPucks - 1, 2, 1, 0)

            renWin.Render()
            if gv.configuration == 3:
                WriteImage('hanoi2.png', renWin, rgba=False)
        # Report output.
        s = 'Number of moves: {:d}\nPolygons rendered each frame: {:d}\nTotal number of frames: {:d}'
        print(s.format(gv.numberOfMoves, 3 * 8 + 1 + gv.numberOfPucks * (2 + gv.puckResolution),
                       gv.numberOfMoves * 3 * gv.numberOfSteps))

    iren.AddObserver('EndInteractionEvent', OrientationObserver(ren.GetActiveCamera()))

    # Render the image.
    iren.Initialize()
    iren.Start()


def main():
    maxPucks = 20
    if not verify_parameters(maxPucks):
        return
    hanoi()


def get_program_parameters():
    import argparse
    description = 'Towers of Hanoi. .'
    epilogue = '''
Where:  -p specifies the number of pucks.
        -s specifies the number of steps.
        -r specifies the puck resolution.
        -c specifies configuration.
            0 final configuration.
            1 initial configuration.
            2 intermediate configuration.
            3 final configuration and save images
Defaults:  -p 5 -s 5 -r 48 -c 0
    '''
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=description, epilog=epilogue,
                                     formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter)
    parser.add_argument('--numberOfPucks', '-p', default=5, type=int, nargs='?', help='The number of pucks.')
    parser.add_argument('--numberOfSteps', '-s', default=5, type=int, nargs='?', help='The number of steps.')
    parser.add_argument('--puckResolution', '-r', default=48, type=int, nargs='?', help='The puck resolution.')
    parser.add_argument('--configuration', '-c', default=0, type=int, nargs='?', help='The configuration.')
    args = parser.parse_args()
    return args.numberOfPucks, args.numberOfSteps, args.puckResolution, args.configuration


def verify_parameters(maxPucks):
    numberOfPucks, numberOfSteps, puckResolution, configuration = get_program_parameters()
    numberOfPucks = abs(numberOfPucks)
    numberOfSteps = abs(numberOfSteps)
    puckResolution = abs(puckResolution)
    configuration = abs(configuration)
    check = True
    if numberOfPucks < 2:
        print('Please use more pucks!')
        check = False
    if numberOfPucks > maxPucks:
        print('Too many pucks specified! Maximum is', maxPucks)
        check = False
    if numberOfSteps < 3:
        print('Please use more steps!')
        check = False
    if configuration > 3:
        print('0 >= configuration <= 3')
        check = False
    if check:
        gv.update(numberOfPucks, numberOfSteps, puckResolution, configuration)
    return check


def MovePuck(peg1, peg2):
    """
    This routine is responsible for moving pucks from peg1 to peg2.
    :param peg1: Initial peg.
    :param peg2: Final peg.
    :return:
    """
    gv.numberOfMoves += 1

    # Get the actor to move
    movingActor = pegStack[peg1].pop()

    # Get the distance to move up.
    distance = (gv.H - (gv.L * (len(pegStack[peg1]) - 1)) + gv.rMax) / gv.numberOfSteps

    for i in range(0, gv.numberOfSteps):
        movingActor.AddPosition(0, distance, 0)
        renWin.Render()

    # Get the distance to move across
    distance = (peg2 - peg1) * gv.D / gv.numberOfSteps
    flipAngle = 180.0 / gv.numberOfSteps
    for i in range(0, gv.numberOfSteps):
        movingActor.AddPosition(distance, 0, 0)
        movingActor.RotateX(flipAngle)
        renWin.Render()
        if gv.numberOfMoves == 13 and i == 3:  # for making book image
            if gv.configuration == 3 or gv.configuration == 2:
                cam = renWin.GetRenderers().GetFirstRenderer().GetActiveCamera()
                camera1 = vtkCamera()
                camera1.SetPosition(54.7263, 41.6467, 44.125)
                camera1.SetFocalPoint(11.5603, -1.51931, 0.95899)
                camera1.SetClippingRange(42.4226, 115.659)
                camera1.SetViewUp(0, 1, 0)
                renWin.GetRenderers().GetFirstRenderer().SetActiveCamera(camera1)
                renWin.Render()
                if gv.configuration == 3:
                    WriteImage('hanoi1.png', renWin, rgba=False)
                if gv.configuration == 2:
                    gv.gotFigure2 = True
                    break
                renWin.GetRenderers().GetFirstRenderer().SetActiveCamera(cam)
                renWin.Render()
    if gv.gotFigure2:
        pegStack[peg2].append(movingActor)
        return

    # Get the distance to move down.
    distance = ((gv.L * (len(pegStack[peg2]) - 1)) - gv.H - gv.rMax) / gv.numberOfSteps

    for i in range(0, gv.numberOfSteps):
        movingActor.AddPosition(0, distance, 0)
        renWin.Render()
    pegStack[peg2].append(movingActor)


def Hanoi(n, peg1, peg2, peg3):
    """
    Tower of Hanoi.
    :param n: Number of disks.
    :param peg1: Source
    :param peg2: Target
    :param peg3: Helper
    :return:
    """
    # If gotFigure2 is true, we break out of the recursion.
    if gv.gotFigure2:
        return
    if n != 1:
        Hanoi(n - 1, peg1, peg3, peg2)
        if gv.gotFigure2:
            return
        Hanoi(1, peg1, peg2, peg3)
        Hanoi(n - 1, peg3, peg2, peg1)
    else:
        MovePuck(peg1, peg2)


class OrientationObserver(object):
    def __init__(self, cam):
        self.cam = cam

    def __call__(self, caller, ev):
        # Just do this to demonstrate who called callback and the event that triggered it.
        print(caller.GetClassName(), 'Event Id:', ev)
        # Now print the camera orientation.
        CameraOrientation(self.cam)


def CameraOrientation(cam):
    fmt1 = '{:>15s}'
    fmt2 = '{:9.6g}'
    print(fmt1.format('Position:'), ', '.join(map(fmt2.format, cam.GetPosition())))
    print(fmt1.format('Focal point:'), ', '.join(map(fmt2.format, cam.GetFocalPoint())))
    print(fmt1.format('Clipping range:'), ', '.join(map(fmt2.format, cam.GetClippingRange())))
    print(fmt1.format('View up:'), ', '.join(map(fmt2.format, cam.GetViewUp())))
    print(fmt1.format('Distance:'), fmt2.format(cam.GetDistance()))


def WriteImage(fileName, renWin1, rgba=True):
    """
    Write the render window view to an image file.

    Image types supported are:
     BMP, JPEG, PNM, PNG, PostScript, TIFF.
    The default parameters are used for all writers, change as needed.

    :param fileName: The file name, if no extension then PNG is assumed.
    :param renWin1: The render window.
    :param rgba: Used to set the buffer type.
    :return:
    """

    import os

    if fileName:
        # Select the writer to use.
        path, ext = os.path.splitext(fileName)
        ext = ext.lower()
        if not ext:
            ext = '.png'
            fileName = fileName + ext
        if ext == '.bmp':
            writer = vtkBMPWriter()
        elif ext == '.jpg':
            writer = vtkJPEGWriter()
        elif ext == '.pnm':
            writer = vtkPNMWriter()
        elif ext == '.ps':
            if rgba:
                rgba = False
            writer = vtkPostScriptWriter()
        elif ext == '.tiff':
            writer = vtkTIFFWriter()
        else:
            writer = vtkPNGWriter()

        windowto_image_filter = vtkWindowToImageFilter()
        windowto_image_filter.SetInput(renWin1)
        windowto_image_filter.SetScale(1)  # image quality
        if rgba:
            windowto_image_filter.SetInputBufferTypeToRGBA()
        else:
            windowto_image_filter.SetInputBufferTypeToRGB()
            # Read from the front buffer.
            windowto_image_filter.ReadFrontBufferOff()
            windowto_image_filter.Update()

        writer.SetFileName(fileName)
        writer.SetInputConnection(windowto_image_filter.GetOutputPort())
        writer.Write()
    else:
        raise RuntimeError('Need a filename.')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()